Synchronization protocols are a set of rules and procedures that govern the coordination and timing of actions in distributed systems. These protocols ensure that multiple processes or devices operate in a synchronized manner, minimizing conflicts and ensuring data consistency. By establishing a common reference point or clock, synchronization protocols enable accurate communication and interaction between different components within a system. Various synchronization techniques, such as clock synchronization algorithms and coordination mechanisms, are employed to manage the flow of information and maintain coherence among interconnected elements. Synchronization protocols play a crucial role in ensuring the reliability, efficiency, and integrity of complex distributed systems by orchestrating temporal relationships and sequencing events with precision.